Shopping on line can be easy, simple and save you lots of money. It can also take a lot of your time, frustrate you, and result in unwanted purchases. Now the same can be said for regular high street shopping, but with the vast opportunity presented by the Internet it will pay you to spend a few minutes reading this and understanding how to better optimize your Paranoia shopping experience:
1. Compare - without doubt the biggest advantage that the Paranoia offers shoppers today is the ability to compare thousands of Paranoia at a time. This is a great thing, but not necessarily all the time! Too much can be daunting at times so take advantage of the great comparison sites and where possible let them do the hard work for you.
2. Research - if it has been said it will be on the internet. Ignorance is no longer a justifiable reason for buying the wrong thing. Take the time to research in detail everything that you could possible want to know about
3. Testimonials - don't know anybody that has bought a Paranoia? Wrong! If the Paranoia is good the internet will let you know. Use the Internet as a friend and get testimonials before you buy.
4. Questions - Got a question about Paranoia then search the Forums, FAQ's, Blogs etc. Don't be afraid to ask .....
5. Reputation - Never heard of the company selling Paranoia? Don't worry, no reason why you should know every company in the world, but you know someone that does! Use the internet to find out what people are saying about Paranoia and build up a picture of their reputation for sales, returns, customer service, delivery etc.
6. Returns - still worried that even after all of the above your Paranoia wont be what you want? Check out the returns policy. There is so much competition now that someone, somewhere is bound to offer the terms that you are comfortable with.
7. Feedback - happy with your Paranoia then let people know, after all you are depending on others people input in your buying decision, so why not give a little back.
8. Security - check for the yellow padlock on the Paranoia site before you buy, and the s after http:/ /i.e. https:// = a secure site
9. Contact - got a question about Paranoia, or want to leave a comment then check out the sites contact page. Reputable companies have them and respond.
10. Payment - ready to pay for your Paranoia, then use your credit card or PayPal! Be aware of companies that don't accept them, there may be genuine reasons but given the huge amount of choice you have when buying online there is no reason at all not to buy via credit card or PayPal.
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox | Name = Paranoia |
ICD10 = F20.0, F22.0, F22.8 |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|295.3-->, {{ICD9|297.1-->, {{ICD9|297.2--> |
-->
Paranoia is a disturbed thought process characterized by excessive
Cognitive module anxiety or
fear, often to the point of
irrationality and
delusion. Paranoid thinking typically includes persecutory beliefs concerning a perceived threat. In the original Greek language, παράνοια (
paranoia) simply means madness (para = outside; nous = mind) and, historically, this characterization was used to describe any
delusional state.
Use in psychiatry
More recently, the clinical use of the term has been used to describe delusions where the affected person believes they are being persecuted. Specifically, they have been defined as containing two central elements:
The individual thinks that harm is occurring, or is going to occur, to him or her.
The individual thinks that the persecutor has the intention to cause harm.
Paranoia is often associated with psychosis illnesses, particularly schizophrenia, although attenuated features may be present in other primarily non-psychotic diagnoses, such as paranoid personality disorder. Paranoia can also be a side effect of medication or recreational drugs, particularly
cannabis (drug) and stimulants such as methamphetamine.
In the unrestricted use of the term, common paranoid delusions can include the belief that the person is being followed, poisoned or loved at a distance (often by a media figure or important person, a delusion known as erotomania or
de Clerambault syndrome).
Other common paranoid delusions include the belief that the person has an imaginary disease or parasite infection (delusional parasitosis); that the person is on a special quest or has been chosen by
God; that the person has had thoughts inserted or removed from conscious thought; or that the person's actions are being
mind control.
Therefore, in common usage, the term paranoid addresses a range ofmental conditions, assumed by the use of the term to be of psychiatric origin, in which the subject is seen to generalise or projects fears and anxieties onto the external world, particularly in the form of organised behaviour focused on them. The syndrome is applied equally to powerful people like executives obsessed with takeover bids or political leaders convinced of plots against them, and to insignificant people who believe for instance that shadowy agencies are operating against them.
History
The term
paranoia was used by Emil Kraepelin to describe a
mental illness in which a
delusional belief is the sole, or most prominent feature. In his original attempt at classifying different forms of mental illness, Kraepelin used the term
pure paranoia to describe a condition where a delusion was present, but without any apparent deterioration in intellectual abilities and without any of the other features of
dementia praecox, the condition later renamed schizophrenia. Notably, in his definition, the belief does not have to be persecutory to be classified as paranoid, so any number of delusional beliefs can be classified as paranoia. For example, a person who has the sole delusional belief that he is an important religious figure would be classified by Kraepelin as having 'pure paranoia'.
See also
- Delusional disorder
- Distrust
- Monomania
- Paranoid personality disorder
- Schizophrenia
- Ideas of reference
- The Conversation - a film by Francis Ford Coppola which explores paranoia
Further reading
- Farrell, John. Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau (Cornell University Press, 2006).
- Freeman, D. & Garety, P.A. (2004) Paranoia: The Psychology of Persecutory Delusions. Hove: Psychology Press. ISBN 1-84169-522-X
- Harper, David J. (1999) Deconstructing Paranoia:An Analysis of the Discourses Associated with the Concept of Paranoid Delusion.
- Igmade (Stephan Trüby et al, eds.), 5 Codes: Architecture, Paranoia and Risk in Times of Terror", Birkhäuser 2006. ISBN 3-7643-7598-1
- Kantor, Martin. (2004) Understanding Paranoia: A Guide for Professionals, Families, and Sufferers. Westport: Praeger Press. ISBN 0-275-98152-5
- Munro, A. (1999) Delusional disorder. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-58180-X
- Sims, A. (2002) Symptoms in the mind: An introduction to descriptive psychopathology (3rd edition). Edinburgh: Elsevier Science Ltd. ISBN 0-7020-2627-1
- Siegel, Ronald K. (1994) Whispers: The Voices of Paranoia. New York: Crown.
- Deconstructing Paranoia: An Analysis of the Discourses Associated with the Concept of Paranoid Delusion
{{DiseaseDisorder infobox | Name = Paranoia |
ICD10 = F20.0, F22.0, F22.8 |
ICD9 = {{ICD9|295.3-->, {{ICD9|297.1-->, {{ICD9|297.2--> |
-->
Paranoia is a disturbed thought process characterized by excessive
Cognitive module anxiety or
fear, often to the point of irrationality and
delusion. Paranoid thinking typically includes persecutory beliefs concerning a perceived threat. In the original
Greek language, παράνοια (
paranoia) simply means madness (para = outside; nous = mind) and, historically, this characterization was used to describe any delusional state.
Use in psychiatry
More recently, the clinical use of the term has been used to describe delusions where the affected person believes they are being persecuted. Specifically, they have been defined as containing two central elements:
The individual thinks that harm is occurring, or is going to occur, to him or her.
The individual thinks that the persecutor has the intention to cause harm.
Paranoia is often associated with psychosis illnesses, particularly schizophrenia, although attenuated features may be present in other primarily non-psychotic diagnoses, such as paranoid personality disorder. Paranoia can also be a side effect of medication or
recreational drugs, particularly
cannabis (drug) and stimulants such as
methamphetamine.
In the unrestricted use of the term, common paranoid delusions can include the belief that the person is being followed, poisoned or loved at a distance (often by a media figure or important person, a delusion known as
erotomania or
de Clerambault syndrome).
Other common paranoid delusions include the belief that the person has an imaginary disease or parasite infection (delusional parasitosis); that the person is on a special quest or has been chosen by
God; that the person has had thoughts inserted or removed from conscious thought; or that the person's actions are being mind control.
Therefore, in common usage, the term paranoid addresses a range ofmental conditions, assumed by the use of the term to be of psychiatric origin, in which the subject is seen to generalise or projects fears and anxieties onto the external world, particularly in the form of organised behaviour focused on them. The syndrome is applied equally to powerful people like executives obsessed with takeover bids or political leaders convinced of plots against them, and to insignificant people who believe for instance that shadowy agencies are operating against them.
History
The term
paranoia was used by
Emil Kraepelin to describe a mental illness in which a delusional belief is the sole, or most prominent feature. In his original attempt at classifying different forms of mental illness, Kraepelin used the term
pure paranoia to describe a condition where a delusion was present, but without any apparent deterioration in intellectual abilities and without any of the other features of
dementia praecox, the condition later renamed
schizophrenia. Notably, in his definition, the belief does not have to be persecutory to be classified as paranoid, so any number of delusional beliefs can be classified as paranoia. For example, a person who has the sole delusional belief that he is an important religious figure would be classified by Kraepelin as having 'pure paranoia'.
See also
Further reading
- Farrell, John. Paranoia and Modernity: Cervantes to Rousseau (Cornell University Press, 2006).
- Freeman, D. & Garety, P.A. (2004) Paranoia: The Psychology of Persecutory Delusions. Hove: Psychology Press. ISBN 1-84169-522-X
- Harper, David J. (1999) Deconstructing Paranoia:An Analysis of the Discourses Associated with the Concept of Paranoid Delusion.
- Igmade (Stephan Trüby et al, eds.), 5 Codes: Architecture, Paranoia and Risk in Times of Terror", Birkhäuser 2006. ISBN 3-7643-7598-1
- Kantor, Martin. (2004) Understanding Paranoia: A Guide for Professionals, Families, and Sufferers. Westport: Praeger Press. ISBN 0-275-98152-5
- Munro, A. (1999) Delusional disorder. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-58180-X
- Sims, A. (2002) Symptoms in the mind: An introduction to descriptive psychopathology (3rd edition). Edinburgh: Elsevier Science Ltd. ISBN 0-7020-2627-1
- Siegel, Ronald K. (1994) Whispers: The Voices of Paranoia. New York: Crown.
- Deconstructing Paranoia: An Analysis of the Discourses Associated with the Concept of Paranoid Delusion
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